Degradation of High Mountain Ecosystems in Northern Europe

编号 zgly0000334492

文献类型 期刊论文

文献题名 Degradation of High Mountain Ecosystems in Northern Europe

作者 JorgLoffler 

作者单位 UniversityofOldenburg  InstituteofBiologyandEnvironmentalSciences  POBox2503  D-26111Oldenburg  Germany 

母体文献 Journal of Mountain Science;山地科学学报: 英文版 

年卷期 2004,1(2)

页码 97-114

年份 2004 

分类号 S81  X171.1 

关键词 高山生态系统  退化  放牧效果  驯鹿  挪威  生态环境 

文摘内容 Data material of a long-term high mountain ecosystem research project was used to interpret the grazing impact of reindeers. In central Norway investigations were conducted to both, areas where reindeer grazing is excluded, and areas where intensive pasturing is present for a long period of time.The comparative analysis of grazing impact was based on similar environmental conditions. The results were transposed to northern Norway where dramatic overgrazing had been exceeding the carrying capacity. Using landscape ecological mappings, especially of vegetation and soils, the impact of reindeer grazing in different areas became obvious. Non-grazed lichen-dominated ecosystems of the snow-free locations functioned sensitively near the limit of organism survival. These localities were most influenced by grazing as they offer the winter forage to the reindeers. So, intensive grazing in central Norway led to landscape degradation by destruction of the vegetation and superinduced by soil erosion. Those features were comparable to the situation in northern Norway, where a broad-scale destruction of the environment combined with a depression of the altitudinal belts had occurred due to overgrazing. Functioning principles of intact high mountain systems were explained and used to interpret the environmental background for the understanding of degradation phenomena. Finally, the use of a new model calculating the carrying capacity of high mountain landscape was discussed。